Ethics, Audience, Field
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Ethics - What is
moral or right in argument
Brockreide's Metaphor of Rhetor's
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Arguer as "Rapist"- treats opponents and
receivers as objects to be manipulated for his own ends. The rhetor
presumes his own superiority and ignores the humanity of others.
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Arguer as "Seducer" - treats opponents and receivers as
means to obtaining his own ends (objectifying). The rhetor ignores the
needs of others and operates by charm or deceit.
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Arguer as "Lover" - treats opponents and receivers as
companions with whom a long term (mental) relationship is being developed.
The rhetor recognizes the humanity of others and operates with respect and
openness to others.
Basic Elements of Ethical Argumentation
- Provide relevant
grounds for your claims
- Do
not lie, distort or take
material out of context.
- Do not knowingly reason
fallaciously
- Do not ignore counter
evidence or hide it
- Do
not hide your motives
- Do not intimidate, silence or
objectify opponents
- Do not make arguments
personal or take responses personally
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