A. The Linear (Action) Model  - archery metaphor  [ developed by Shannon and Weaver and in Lasswell's Model -> "Who says What in what Channel to Whom with what Effect" ] 

1. An active sender / passive receiver - one-way flow

2. Message/meaning is fixed

3. Sender and receiver are unchanged by the communication event

4. Fault for problems is said to lie with the sender

B.  The Interaction Model - ping-pong metaphor  (not in the text)

1. An active sender THEN an active receiver (feedback) - two-way flow, sequentially

2. The fixed message/meaning can be "misunderstood" by the receiver

3. Sender and receiver are unchanged by the communication event

4. Fault for problems is said to lie (usually) with the receiver

C.  The Transaction Model - multi-player video game metaphor   (not identical with the text.)

1. Simultaneously, active participants (sender-receivers)

2. The fixed message/meaning can be "misunderstood" by either party

3. Sender and receiver are unchanged by the communication event

4. Fault for problems is said to lie, potentially, with either or both participants (but in this model the question of blame is largely irrelevant)